Antenna



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Patented Oct. 7, 1952 yN'eivY., a corporation Delaware i finira-aaai. saam-21. 1949, saai'gnagjfifatzu This invention system. i In radio. signalling systems "h" are transmitted from avrti 1 V ed near the ground the'wavesrevrtical ipolarf ized and-null 'regionsioccunfdue to il ior antenna. When a radio 'receiver as when carried "onf'a'ri "a in, the signals are -lie'a'id encountered whereupon Ereception;

ff smetta ai mental to good reception. l A v It is an object o'i.` thp'resnt invention "tofpro'` vide a signalling in which lsuch regions of zero lfield "strengtlxf'do not ol u'rfat vai-ying heights and. lclist'an'c'es 'fio'i4 the, transmitter and a receiver hereinwi' 're' th'usiglnal the effe. entire space"'aroundtlfieantenifiasy t t vrJl'Sl01,1 of a transmitting system virr which the waves "are radiated from two anteniasisin'ul'taneously. one radiating vertically polarized waves and the other horizontally polarized waves, and of a receiver for receiving the waves'oneanantenna responsive to circularly polarized waves. A, l -v Accordingto the foregoing, tallfpoints in the field in which the receiveris located, the're is the problem or providing lsufficient"ztield strength at least in one polarization ortli'e other to produce a desired signal-to-noise .ratio.-.Under 'the Eircumstanees` this means 'that-hulls, or spasfbetween lobes, of one polarizationslall be substantially lled -by lobes of the "other polarization. To bring about such a result, consideration must be given to several underlying factors entering into the determination of the field strength.

aia-a a Important among these are the relative magnitudes of the reection coefficients including the additional fact that in case of the vertically polarized component, there is a minimum at the Brewster angle. Also the relative phase shifts. throughout a range of angles of incidence are important. These factors are known or are determinable for a given set of conditions including earth constants. One important condiaiutante can Taiwanese the respectif: ef r 1eve1s,. 'oughiii e maar. an other undesia el is difncuitpa th no Les dime #tre iade to trie drawing. in 'wat j Figure 1 is a schematic di" aber alsofb ...51a .i Figu'r -shows heg'electric 'Held pattern hizitaiipbianzed high fr Figure 3 shows the electri A verticallplane threat@ ...the .anie1a-1adiating vertcellwolai'ized high frgilncvwvea Referring to Figure l, 'a source l ofnlta high frequency signal waves is connected to a ,horizontally mounted antenna 2 by a line 3 and any suitable coupling means, illustrated as coils 4. Antenna 2 may be of any known type which radiates horizontally polarized waves as, for example, a loop `with its turns disposed horizontally. Source I also supplies signal currents to a vertically mounted antenna 5 through a line B and coupling means 1. be of any type which radiates vertically polarized waves and is mounted directly above antenna viftibi. plne, infringe' thev in The vertical antenna 5 may ribdgis, thararitennaf ylv o will. be .fectiv in pickingv up'V signalQen' l l i 2,613,349

2 but at a substantially higher level. Although this is the preferred arrangement. it will be understood that the positions ofv theantennas may be reversed, the vertical one being mounted at the lowerlevel and the horizontal one which radiates the horizontally polarized waves mounted directlyabovedt. The differencein heights 0f the' tWQ ant'eaiwillbe reierrclt later.. L

In the illustrated example,4 the signals are impressed on a receiver 8 mounted in an airplane.;

9, only the front portion of which is shown. The

antenna l0 on which the waves are receivedisfff shown as being mounted.outsi dethe airplane and may be of any type adapt ,ff

tion of circularly polarized wave as shown by way of an examplalcoxnprises two.

dipoles Il and I2 located at'- 90*degrees'to'fonefi another and in the same plane with theircenlfers 1 on the same axis. Dipole I2 is connected to the received input by align gjly3andwii1z ole llly is oonrieted te une@ .byaii e i4, ahdi'fppase shifter l5. which shifts* thI n g ,ciirrentsj slip-f polarized" orwhethr both t arelpresent. l y' if.. With antenna 2 v, at" a' tainheightabove gvd' and providing@ an; ectriceldgpattern of the ll 1'o,r izontal polarization as' shown :by4 Figure 2A receiver Vas the airplane occ'piespdiffe I nt'posit' "namespace, @Qur-ih parte. A lo tiono'fLthe` airplane, theelectr c,`

urine antenna lo may be entirely 1-f1p1 e dominantly vertically polarized; while ina' therJ l vof*i'the-piane;the" nem-"maybe e ireiy tion system is thus assured.'

,co params; 4it' sito mrclariyt unqrsttqjtiiat this description is made onlygby 'Way voi 'exampleand notgasa limitation onthefscopefftlie'ginvcntion f ctsther'eof andthe i VilliiitA is yclaim v Waves comprising 'an ntenna disposed t'agivenA elevation and arranged to radiate vertically polarized Waves, a second antenna disposed at a different elevation than the rst antenna and arranged to radiate horizontally polarized waves, the diierence in elevations of said antennas being sufficient that in the space about the'antennas the null points of the iivgzerticalfpplarizations are non-coincident with niej-friuli points (ofthe hori-V zontal polarization, and means for supplying said v antennas simultaneously with high frequency l v tenna is higher than the sec- Qlvarltllils Y 3.Transmittingmeans according toolaim 1.

wherein the iirstnantenna is mounted directly .LiMeans for transmitting Waves of ultra high frequency comprising an antenna xed at a given Height i12-luney aground, @arranged to. radiate vertically polarized waves; a secnd antenna iixed a is mounteddirectly j Illalrnemann M2. Transmitting means according to claim 1, Weet-airline @e t 

